Thermally insulating construction element

ABSTRACT

A thermally insulating construction element for use in a separating joint between load-absorbing parts of a building, in particular between an intermediate floor and a balcony slab, has an insulating body. The insulating body has mutually opposite longitudinal sides which extend in a longitudinal direction. The insulating body has compression shear bearings which are designed to take up horizontal forces and vertical forces. The compression shear bearings protrude through the insulating body in a transverse direction and project beyond the insulating body on both longitudinal sides of the insulating body. The compression shear bearings are spaced apart from one another with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insulating body. In order to allow good adaptation to forces to be taken up, the insulating body includes at least one compression bearing designed exclusively to take up horizontal forces and extends in the transverse direction of the insulating body.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority of EP 17 000 569.8, filed Apr. 5, 2017, the priority of this application is hereby claimed and this application is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a thermally insulating construction element.

EP 1 564 336 A1 discloses a thermally insulating construction element of the type in question. Such thermally insulating construction elements having an insulating body are used in separating joints between load-absorbing parts of a building, for example between intermediate floors and balcony slabs. To take up compressive forces and shear forces, compression shear bearings are provided in the insulating body and protrude into the intermediate floor on one longitudinal side of the construction element and into the balcony slab on the opposite longitudinal side. In addition, tension bars are provided to transmit tensile forces.

It is also known practice for the elements for taking up compressive forces and shear forces to be designed separately. DE 10 2011 054 275 A1 discloses a thermally insulating construction element for connecting an intermediate floor and a balcony slab that comprises an insulating body and tension bars for taking up tensile forces, shear bars for taking up shear forces and compression elements for taking up compressive forces.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object on which the invention is based is to provide a thermally insulating construction element of the type in question that has an improved insulating effect.

This object is achieved by a thermally insulating construction element for use in a separating joint between load-absorbing parts of a building, in particular between an intermediate floor and a balcony slab, having an insulating body, wherein the insulating body has a longitudinal direction and mutually opposite longitudinal sides which extend in the longitudinal direction, wherein the insulating body has a transverse direction which extends transversely to the longitudinal sides and a height direction which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and perpendicularly to the transverse direction, wherein the insulating body has compression shear bearings which are designed to take up horizontal forces and vertical forces, wherein the compression shear bearings protrude through the insulating body in the transverse direction and project beyond the insulating body on both longitudinal sides of the insulating body, wherein the compression shear bearings are arranged spaced apart from one another with respect to the longitudinal direction, wherein the insulating body comprises at least one compression bearing which is designed exclusively to take up horizontal forces and extends in the transverse direction of the insulating body.

It has been shown that thermally insulating construction elements which have compression shear bearings for taking up horizontal forces and vertical forces are often overdimensioned in respect of taking up vertical forces. The invention now makes provision to replace at least one of the compression shear bearings by a compression bearing. Here, the compression bearing is designed exclusively to take up horizontal forces. For transmitting equal horizontal forces to those transmitted by a compression shear bearing, compression bearings have a reduced cross section in customary loading and installation situations. The replacement of at least one compression shear bearing by a compression bearing allows the heat transfer between the parts of a building to be reduced. At the same time, the thermally insulating construction element can be well adapted to the acting forces. Accordingly, to take up the horizontal forces, different elements, namely both compression shear bearings and compression bearings, are provided. Here, horizontal forces are compressive forces and tensile forces. In the installed position, the compressive forces and tensile forces advantageously act in the horizontal direction, in particular in the transverse direction of the construction element. Vertical forces are shear forces which act in the height direction of the construction element. In the installed position, vertical forces advantageously act in the vertical direction.

With the thermally insulating construction element in the installed state in a separating joint between load-absorbing parts of a building, in particular between an intermediate floor and a balcony slab, the transverse direction advantageously extends in the horizontal direction from one part of the building to the other. The transverse direction is in particular situated perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction. The transverse direction is also advantageously situated perpendicularly to the longitudinal sides of the insulating body. The longitudinal sides are advantageously oriented approximately vertically. Here, the longitudinal sides do not have to be designed to be planar, but can be structured, for example by means of protrusions which extend in the longitudinal direction on the upper side and/or the lower side of the insulating body. The height direction of the insulating body extends vertically in the installed position. The longitudinal side advantageously extends approximately in the longitudinal direction and approximately in the height direction.

Compression bearings and compression shear bearings differ from one another in the type of forces which can be taken up by the respective bearing. Compression bearings are designed only to take up horizontal forces which act in a transverse direction of the thermally insulating construction element. A uniaxial stress state thus prevails in the compression bearing. Compression bearings are advantageously designed with a small height and arranged close to the lower side of the thermally insulating construction element. This results in a low center of gravity in the thermally insulating construction element and, preferably in the height direction, in a large distance from tensile force-transmitting components.

Compression shear bearings are designed to take up horizontal forces and vertical forces. In the connection plane, the vertical forces act perpendicularly to the horizontal forces, that is to say in the height direction of the insulating body. In order to absorb the moment which is introduced into the compression shear bearing by the horizontal forces, the horizontal forces acting on the compression shear bearing have an axial offset from one another, with the result that a biaxial stress state is obtained in the compression shear bearing. On at least one longitudinal side of the insulating body, the height of the compression bearing measured in the height direction on this longitudinal side is preferably less than the height of the compression shear bearing measured in the height direction on this longitudinal side of the insulating body. To take up the moment which is introduced by the horizontal forces, compression shear bearings advantageously have a considerably greater height measured in the height direction than compression bearings on at least one longitudinal side, in particular at least on the longitudinal side which, in the installed state, faces a balcony slab. The height of the compression bearing on the at least one longitudinal side is advantageously at least less than 50%, in particular less than 30%, of the height of the compression shear bearing on this longitudinal side of the insulating body. Here, the height of the compression bearing and compression shear bearing is measured in the height direction on the same longitudinal side of the insulating body.

The compression shear bearings advantageously project beyond the longitudinal sides with an overhang of at least 1.0 cm. An overhang of at least 1.5 cm, in particular from 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm, is considered to be particularly advantageous. The overhang is preferably about 2.0 cm. Here, the overhang is measured between the compression shear bearing and the region of the insulating body directly adjoining the compression shear bearing, which means that protrusions, strips or the like which extend, for example, on that upper side and lower side of the insulating body are not taken into consideration for the overhang.

The compression shear bearings advantageously protrude beyond each longitudinal side by way of at least one projection. Here, there can be provision that the compression shear bearings have on each longitudinal side a projection which is arranged adjacent to the upper side and a further projection which is arranged adjacent to the lower side. However, there can also be provision that the compression shear bearings have a projection on the upper side on one longitudinal side and a projection on the lower side on the opposite longitudinal side. In an alternative configuration, a projection arranged between the upper side and lower side can also be advantageous. The overhang of the compression shear bearing is measured on the region which protrudes the farthest beyond the longitudinal side, in particular on the at least one projection. The overhang advantageously forms a projection area in the height direction via which forces acting in the height direction, that is to say in the vertical direction, can be transmitted. Instead of or in addition to at least one projection, the compression shear bearing can also have one or more depressions via whose projection area vertical forces, namely shear forces, acting in the vertical direction can be transmitted. Here, the transmittable shear force is dependent on the overall size of the projection area. The projection area can be formed by a single projection or a single depression or be composed of the projection areas on a plurality of projections or depressions.

The compression bearings can likewise project beyond the longitudinal sides with an overhang. There can also be provision that the end faces of the compression bearings lie flush in the longitudinal sides. However, the compression bearings do not form a horizontal projection area on which forces can be transmitted.

In order further to improve the possibilities for adapting the thermally insulating construction element to the use situation, the thermally insulating construction element can have at least one tension bar, at least one compression bar and/or at least one shear bar which each protrude through the insulating body.

To tailor to an optimum relationship of the bending moments and shear forces to be taken up, there is advantageously provision that the thermally insulating construction element has compression shear bearings, compression bearings and tension bars, but no compression bars and no shear bars. This is particularly advantageous in the case of thermally insulating construction elements for the connection of cantilever slabs.

To increase the shear force bearing capacity, in particular in the case of thermally insulating construction elements for the connection of cantilever slabs, there is advantageously provision that the thermally insulating construction element has compression shear bearings, compression bearings, tension bars and shear bars, but no compression bars.

For a thermally insulating construction element which serves in particular for the connection of supported slabs, there is advantageously provision that the thermally insulating construction element has compression shear bearings, compression bearings and shear bars. This thermally insulating construction element advantageously has no tension bars and no compression bars. An optimum relationship of the compressive forces and shear forces to be taken up is thereby achieved. If it is intended for increased compressive forces to be taken up, there is provision that the thermally insulating construction element contains compression shear bearings, compression bearings, compression bars and shear bars, but no tension bars. This is particularly advantageous for a thermally insulating construction element which serves for the connection of supported slabs. A thermally insulating construction element which can serve, for example, for the connection of cantilever slabs and has a higher bearing capacity for bending moments advantageously has compression shear bearings, compression bearings, tension bars and compression bars, but no shear bars.

For a thermally insulating construction element which serves in particular for the connection of continuous slabs, and by means of which a maximum bearing capacity is achieved, there is advantageously provision that the thermally insulating construction element has compression shear bearings, compression bearings, tension bars, compression bars and shear bars.

The insulating body advantageously has a lower side which extends in the longitudinal direction between the longitudinal sides. In the installed position, the lower side of the thermally insulating construction element is advantageously situated at the bottom. The compression bearings and the compression shear bearings are advantageously arranged close to the lower side of the thermally insulating construction element. The distance of the compression bearings from the lower side is advantageously less than 3 cm, in particular less than 2 cm. In particular, the distance of the compression shear bearings from the lower side is less than 3 cm, in particular less than 2 cm. In a preferred configuration, the distance of the compression bearings and the distance of the compression shear bearings from the lower side are approximately equal. The distance of the compression bearings from the lower side is advantageously 80% to 120% of the distance of the compression shear bearings from the lower side.

In operation, the parts of the building can move with respect to one another in the transverse direction. In order to allow this relative movement, there is advantageously provision that the region of the compression shear bearings that projects beyond the longitudinal sides of the insulating body is at least partially formed in a radius around at least one axis which extends in the height direction. Alternatively or in addition, the region of the compression bearings that projects beyond the longitudinal sides of the insulating body is advantageously at least partially formed in a radius around at least one axis which extends in the height direction.

In a preferred configuration, both the region of the compression shear bearings that projects beyond the longitudinal sides of the insulating body and the region of the compression bearings that projects beyond the longitudinal sides of the insulating body are at least partially formed in a radius around at least one axis which extends in the height direction. It is thus possible for the compression shear bearings and the compression bearings to move in the manner of joints with respect to the parts of the building. Here, different radii for different regions of the compression bearings or of the compression shear bearings can be provided. It can be advantageous for all center points of the different radii of a compression bearing or of a compression shear bearing to lie on the same axis on a longitudinal side. An offset between the center points of the radii as viewed in a plan view of the compression shear bearing can also be advantageous. The center points of the radii then lie on different axes which extend in the height direction. The center points of the radii advantageously lie between the planes formed by the longitudinal sides of the insulating body, that is to say within the insulating body. In a preferred configuration, the center points of the radii lie on planes parallel to the longitudinal sides of the insulating body. An arrangement in the extension of the longitudinal side of the insulating body can also be advantageous. The at least one axis preferably does not lie outside of the insulating body.

The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of the disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages, specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

In the drawing:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a thermally insulating construction element in the installed position,

FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 show perspective illustrations of exemplary embodiments of compression bearings,

FIG. 5 shows a perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing,

FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a thermally insulating construction element,

FIG. 7 shows a schematic side view of a thermally insulating construction element with compression shear bearing,

FIG. 8 shows a view of the compression shear bearing from FIG. 7 in the direction of the arrow VIII in FIG. 7,

FIG. 9 shows a schematic side view of the compression shear bearing from FIG. 7 in the direction of the arrow IX in FIG. 7,

FIG. 10 shows a plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing in the direction of the arrow VIII in FIG. 7,

FIG. 11 shows a schematic side view of an exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing,

FIG. 12 shows a schematic plan view of the compression shear bearing in the direction of the arrow XII in FIG. 11,

FIG. 13 shows a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing,

FIG. 14 shows a perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a compression bearing,

FIG. 15 shows a perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing,

FIG. 16 shows a side view of the compression shear bearing from FIG. 15,

FIG. 17 shows a perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a compression bearing,

FIG. 18 shows a side view of the compression bearing from FIG. 17, and

FIGS. 19 to 24 show exemplary embodiments of thermally insulating construction elements with different arrangements of compression bearings and compression shear bearings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 schematically shows a thermally insulating construction element 1 which is arranged in a separating joint 4 between two parts of a building, in the exemplary embodiment a balcony slab 2 and an intermediate floor 3. The construction element 1 has an insulating body 5 which has an elongate form, in the exemplary embodiment a parallelepipedal form. The insulating body 5 serves for the at least partial thermal separation of the intermediate floor 3 from the balcony slab 2. The insulating body 5 has a longitudinal direction 6 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the separating joint 4 between the balcony slab 2 and the intermediate floor 3. In the installed position, the longitudinal direction 6 is oriented horizontally. The insulating body 5 additionally has a transverse direction 7 which in the exemplary embodiment is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 6. The insulating body 5 has a first longitudinal side 9 which extends along on the balcony slab 2 and an opposite second longitudinal side 10 which extends along on the intermediate floor 3. The transverse direction 7 extends from the balcony slab 2 to the intermediate floor 3 and transversely to the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. In the installed position, the transverse direction 7 is advantageously arranged horizontally. The insulating body 5 additionally has a height direction 8 which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 6 and to the transverse direction 7 and which, in the installed position, is advantageously oriented vertically.

The insulating body 5 has a lower side 13 which, in the installed position, is arranged at the bottom and which extends between the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. The lower side 13 is advantageously oriented horizontally and perpendicularly to the height direction 8. The insulating body 5 has an upper side 14 which is opposite to the lower side 13 and which in the exemplary embodiment is likewise oriented horizontally and perpendicularly to the height direction 8. In the installed position, the upper side 14 is arranged on the insulating body 5 at the top. The length of the insulating body 5 measured in the longitudinal direction 6 can be chosen to be adapted to the use situation.

The insulating body 5 has a width g measured in the transverse direction 7 and a height h measured in the height direction 8. In the exemplary embodiment, the height h is greater than the width g. The insulating body 5 can be designed, for example, as a box which is filled with insulating material. The insulating body 5 is in particular not suited for taking up the forces to be transmitted between the balcony slab 2 and the intermediate floor 3. To transmit the forces, compression shear bearings 11 and compression bearings 12 are arranged in the insulating body 5. In the exemplary embodiment, the compression shear bearings 11 and the compression bearings 12 are arranged in alternating fashion in the longitudinal direction 6. However, another, in particular another regular arrangement of compression bearings 12 and compression shear bearings 11, can also be advantageous. An irregular arrangement of compression bearings 12 and compression shear bearings 11 can also be advantageous.

In the exemplary embodiment, the compression bearings 12 have a distance n from adjacent compression shear bearings 11. Adjacent compression shear bearings 11 have a distance p from one another. Adjacent compression bearings 12 have a distance o from one another. The distances o and p can be identical for all compression bearings 12 and all compression shear bearings 11, with the result that the compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 are arranged at a uniform distance from one another. In the exemplary embodiment, the distance n between all the compression shear bearings 11 and compression bearings 12 is identical.

Horizontal forces F_(H) and vertical forces F_(V), which are schematically depicted in FIG. 1, are to be transmitted from the balcony slab 2 into the intermediate floor 3 via the construction element 1. The horizontal forces F_(H) comprise compressive forces F_(D) and tensile forces F_(Z), which are likewise schematically depicted in FIG. 1. In the installed position, the horizontal forces F_(H) advantageously act in the horizontal direction. The vertical forces F_(V) comprise shear forces in both directions, that is to say in the upward and downward direction. In the installed position, the vertical forces F_(V) advantageously act in the vertical direction. The compression shear bearings 11 are provided to take up the horizontal forces F_(H) and the vertical forces F_(V). The number and size of the compression shear bearings 11 in this exemplary embodiment is such that all the vertical forces F_(V) which are to be taken up can be transmitted by the compression shear bearings 11. In an alternative exemplary embodiment, in particular with additionally provided shear bars, the compression shear bearings 11 do not have to transmit the totality of vertical forces F_(V).

To take up the compressive forces F_(D) which are to be transmitted, it is customary for a larger number of compression shear bearings 11 to be required than for transmitting the vertical forces F_(V). Therefore, to take up the additional horizontal forces F_(H), the compression bearings 12 are provided, these being provided exclusively to take up horizontal forces F_(H). This is achieved in that the compression bearings 12 do not have a horizontally extending projection area via which vertical forces F_(V) can be transmitted. If the compression bearing 12 projects beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 into the balcony slab 2 and the intermediate floor 3, soft material, such as, for example, expanded polystyrene (EPS) or the like, can be arranged on the compression bearing 12, the compression bearing 12 can be designed to be rounded off with a large radius or can have an air gap in the vertical direction with respect to the surrounding concrete of the balcony slab 2 or of the intermediate floor 3. In the case of a compression bearing 12 which protrudes into the balcony slab 2 or the intermediate floor 3, it is thus possible in structural terms to prevent a situation in which vertical forces F_(V), that is to say shear forces, can be introduced into the compression bearing 12.

By comparison with a thermally insulating construction element 1 which exclusively has compression shear bearings 11 to take up the horizontal forces F_(H), in particular compressive forces F_(D), and the vertical forces F_(V), the number of compression shear bearings 11 is reduced. Some of the compression shear bearings 11, in the exemplary embodiment every second compression shear bearing 11, are replaced by compression bearings 12. Tension bars, which are not shown in FIG. 1, can be provided for example to take up the tensile forces F_(Z).

The compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 differ in their geometric design. The compression shear bearings 11 have a height c measured on the longitudinal side 9 in the height direction 8 that is considerably greater than a height d of the compression bearings 12 measured on the longitudinal side 9 in the same direction. The height d of the compression bearings 12 is advantageously less than 50%, in particular less than 30%, of the height c of the compression shear bearings 11. To take up the vertical forces F_(V), a comparatively large height c of the compression shear bearings 11 is required. The vertical forces F_(V) produce a moment on the compression shear bearing 11, which moment is supported via the vertical spacing of the introduced horizontal forces F_(H). The acting forces are schematically depicted in FIG. 5 for an installed position in which the side of the compression shear bearing 11 that is illustrated on the right is arranged on the longitudinal side 9 and the side illustrated on the left is arranged on the longitudinal side 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the horizontal forces F_(H) are exclusively compressive forces F_(D). In an alternative embodiment, the horizontal forces F_(H) can also comprise tensile forces F_(Z). Since the compression bearings 12 only take up the compressive forces F_(D), the height d of the compression bearings 12 is considerably smaller. Here, the dimensions of the compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 are measured directly on the compression bearing 12 or compression shear bearing 11, in each case on the relevant longitudinal side 9, 10. The height c of the compression shear bearings 11 can be equal on both longitudinal sides 9 and 10. However, there can also be provision that the compression shear bearings 11 on the longitudinal side 10 have a considerably smaller height than on the longitudinal side 9. In an advantageous configuration, the height of the compression shear bearings 11 on the longitudinal side 10 can correspond approximately to the height d of the compression bearings 12.

As FIG. 1 also shows, both the compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 are arranged close to the lower side 13 of the insulating body 5. The compression shear bearings 11 have a distance a from the lower side 13. The distance a is advantageously less than 3 cm, in particular less than 2 cm. The compression bearings 12 have a distance b from the lower side 13. The distance b is advantageously less than 3 cm, in particular less than 2 cm. Distances a and b between 1 cm and 2 cm are considered to be particularly advantageous. The distance b of the compression bearings 12 from the lower side 13 is advantageously 80% to 120% of the distance a of the compression bearings 11 from the lower side 13. In a preferred configuration, the distances a and b are identical.

As FIG. 1 also shows, the compression shear bearings 11 protrude beyond the longitudinal side 9. In a corresponding manner, the compression shear bearings 11 protrude beyond the opposite longitudinal side 10. The compression shear bearings 11 have projections 16 and 17 which will be described in more detail hereinbelow and by way of which the compression shear bearings 11 project beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. The overhang e on the projections 16 and 17 is advantageously more than 1.0 cm, in particular more than 1.5 cm. An overhang e of 1.5 of to 2.5 cm, in particular of approximately 2 cm, is considered to be particularly advantageous.

The compression bearings 12 project beyond the longitudinal sides 9, 10 with an overhang f which, in the exemplary embodiment, is less than the overhang e of the compression shear bearings 11. The compression bearing 12 is designed and/or arranged in such a way that the overhang f does not form a projection area in the height direction 8 on which vertical forces F_(V) can act and be introduced into the compression bearing 12. As a result, only horizontal forces F_(H) are transmitted via the compression bearing 12. The overhang f can also be zero, with the result that the compression bearings 12 lie flush in the longitudinal sides 9, 10. The overhangs e and f are measured in the transverse direction 7, in particular, perpendicularly to the respective longitudinal side 9 or 10, and directly on the respective compression bearing 12 or compression shear bearing 11.

FIGS. 2 to 4 show different exemplary embodiments for compression bearings 12. The compression bearing 12 shown in FIG. 2 has a parallelepipedal basic body on which there are formed rounded-off end regions 15 which are semicylindrical in the exemplary embodiment. The compression bearing 12 has a length k which, in the installed state, is measured in the transverse direction 7 (FIG. 1) of the insulating body 5. The length k is the largest extent of the compression bearing 12. The end regions 15 are the regions which protrude beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 of the insulating body 5. In the exemplary embodiment, the end regions 15 extend with a radius s around an axis 31. Here, in the installed state, the axis 31 advantageously lies in the insulating body 5 in the region between the planes formed by the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 of the insulating body 5. Accordingly, the axis 31 advantageously lies within the insulating body. However, an arrangement of the axis 31 in the extension of the longitudinal side 9 or 10 can also be advantageous. The compression bearing 12 has a width m which, in the installed position, is oriented in the longitudinal direction 6. The width m is substantially smaller than the length k. The width m can be for example 15% to 60% of the length k. The compression bearing 12 additionally has the height d, also shown in FIG. 1, which is considerably less than the length k. In the exemplary embodiment, the height d is less than the width m.

FIG. 3 shows a compression bearing 12 which is of cylindrical design. Here, the longitudinal center axis of the compression bearing 12 is to be arranged in the insulating body 5 in the transverse direction 7. The compression bearing 12 has end faces 32 which, in the installed state, are advantageously arranged flush in the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 and do not protrude beyond them. In an alternative configuration, the end faces 32 can be convexly arched and protrude beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. The compression bearing 12 has a length k′ which corresponds to the width g of the insulating body 5. The height d and the width m of the compression bearing 12 are identical on account of the cylindrical shape. The width m can be for example 15% to 60% of the length k′.

FIG. 4 shows a compression bearing 12 which is designed as a parallelepiped. The compression bearing 12 has end faces 32 which, in the installed state, come to lie in the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. The compression bearing 12 has a length k′ measured in the transverse direction 7 and a width m measured in the longitudinal direction 6 that is considerably smaller than the length k′. In the illustration in FIG. 4, the end faces 32 are designed to be planar. In an alternative embodiment, the end faces 32 are convexly arched and, in the installed state, project beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. Other shapes of compression bearings 12 can also be advantageous. There can be provision to provide the end faces 32 of the compression bearing 12 with a sliding layer.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment for a compression shear bearing 11. The compression shear bearing 11 has an upper side 18 which is arranged at the top in the installed position in a separating joint 4, and a lower side 19 which is arranged at the bottom in the installed position. In the exemplary embodiment, the lower side 19 and the upper side 18 have a planar design and are oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction 6 and to the transverse direction 7. The compression shear bearing 11 has a width l which is oriented in the longitudinal direction 6 and which is considerably smaller than the height c of the compression shear bearing 11. The compression shear bearing 11 additionally has a length i which is measured in the transverse direction 7 and which is greater than the width g of the insulating body 5. As is also shown in FIG. 1, the compression shear bearing 11 is arranged in the insulating body 5 in such a way that the compression shear bearing 11 projects beyond the insulating body 5 at both end faces 9 and 10.

The compression shear bearing 11 has end faces 33 at the regions projecting beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the end faces 33 do not extend parallel to the height direction 8, but in a curved manner. The end faces 33 have a central region 21 in which the overhang beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 is only small. The upper side 18 has arranged thereon a projection 16 which projects beyond the longitudinal side 9 by the overhang e (FIG. 1). The lower side 19 has arranged thereon a corresponding projection 17 which likewise projects beyond the longitudinal side 9 by the overhang e. The exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing 11 that is shown in FIG. 5 is mirror-symmetrical to three planes, namely to a plane defined by the height direction 8 and the longitudinal direction 6, to a plane defined by the height direction 8 and the transverse direction 7, and to a plane defined by the longitudinal direction 6 and the transverse direction 7. As a result, the compression shear bearing 11 can be inserted into the insulating body 5 in any desired orientation. The longitudinal side 9 and the longitudinal side 10 can consequently be oriented both toward the balcony slab 2 and toward the intermediate floor 3.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a construction element 1 which, in addition to the insulating body 5, the compression shear bearings 11 and the compression bearings 12, has tension bars 26, compression bars 27 and shear bars 28. Here, FIG. 6 schematically shows not only tension bars 26 but also compression bars 27 and shear bars 28. Which of these elements are provided in a construction element 1 can be selected to be adapted to the respective use situation. As a result, the construction element 1 can be well adapted to the respective application.

An advantageous embodiment of a thermally insulating construction element 1 advantageously comprises compression shear bearings 11, compression bearings 12 and tension bars 26. Here, the tension bars 26 are arranged closer to the upper side 14 of the insulating body 5 than to the lower side 13. The tension bars 26 are advantageously arranged closer to the upper side 14 of the insulating body 5 than the upper sides 18 of the compression shear bearings 11.

A further advantageous embodiment of a construction element 1 has compression shear bearings 11, compression bearings 12, tension bars 26 and shear bars 28. As FIG. 6 schematically shows, one shear bar 28 extends on the longitudinal side 9 closer to the upper side 14 than to the lower side 13. The shear bar 28 extends through the insulating body 5 obliquely in the direction of the lower side 13 and leaves the insulating body 5 on the longitudinal side 10 in a region which is situated closer to the lower side 13 than to the upper side 14. A further shear bar 28 is routed in an oppositely directed manner and extends on the longitudinal side 9 closer to the lower side 13, extends in the insulating body 5 obliquely in the direction of the upper side 14 and leaves the insulating body 5 on the longitudinal side 10 closer to the upper side 14 than to the lower side 13. Depending on the forces to be transmitted, it is also possible for only one of the shear bars 28 to be provided. The arrangement of tension bars 26 and shear bars 28 results in a higher shear force bearing capacity of the construction element 1.

A further advantageous variant of a construction element 1 has compression shear bearings 11, compression bearings 12 and shear bars 28. It is thus possible to achieve an optimized relationship between the transmittable horizontal forces F_(H), in particular the compressive forces F_(D), and the transmittable vertical forces F_(V).

In a further advantageous configuration, a construction element 1 is provided which comprises compression shear bearings 11, compression bearings 12, compression bars 27 and shear bars 28. In the case of a construction element 1 which serves in particular for the connection for supported slabs, it is thus possible to establish an optimized relationship between the transmittable horizontal force F_(H), in particular the compressive force F_(D), and the transmittable vertical force F_(V). The compression bars 27 extend closer to the lower side 13 than to the upper side 14. In the exemplary embodiment, the compression bars 27 extend at a distance from the lower side 13 which corresponds approximately to the distance a, b of the compression shear bearings 11 or of the compression bearings 12 from the lower side 13 (FIG. 1).

In a further advantageous configuration, a construction element 1 is provided which comprises compression shear bearings 11, compression bearings 12, tension bars 26 and compression bars 27. Such a construction element 1 is suitable in particular for cantilever slabs in which an increased bearing capacity for bending moments is required.

In a further advantageous configuration of a construction element 1, compression shear bearings 11, compression bearings 12, tension bars 26, compression bars 27 and shear bars 28 are provided. Such a construction element 1 is particularly advantageous for the connection of continuous slabs. The arrangement of tension bars 26, compression bars 27 and shear bars 28 in a construction element 1 makes it possible to achieve a maximum load-bearing capacity of the construction element 1.

In all exemplary embodiments, the arrangement of the tension bars 26, compression bars 27 and/or shear bars 28 is here advantageously provided as shown in FIG. 6 and as described for FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 schematically shows the arrangement of the compression shear bearing 11 in the insulating body 5. As FIG. 7 shows, the compression shear bearing 11 projects on each longitudinal side 9, 10 beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 by way of a projecting region 20. FIG. 7 also shows the arrangement of the projections 16 and 17 on the upper side 18 and the lower side 19 and the central region 21 which is arranged between the projections 16 and 17. At the projections 16 and 17, the compression shear bearing 11 protrudes beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 with the overhang e. In the central region 21, the compression shear bearing 11 protrudes beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 with a reduced overhang v. The overhang e is advantageously greater than the reduced overhang v by at least 0.5 cm, in particular by at least 1.0 cm. The difference between the overhang e and the reduced overhang v is advantageously tailored to the number of the load-bearing projections 16, 17 on each side of the compression shear bearing 11. In FIG. 7, a load-bearing projection 16 or 17 is provided on each side of the compression shear bearing 11. The respective other projection 16, 17 does not act in a load-bearing manner on account of an air gap on the upper side 18 or the lower side 19. Accordingly, the projections 16 are provided only for taking up upwardly directed forces and the projections 17 are provided only for taking up downwardly directed forces. In the case of a load-bearing projection 16 or 17 on each side of the compression shear bearing 11, the overhang e is advantageously greater than the reduced overhang v by at least 1.0 cm. In an alternative embodiment (not shown) with at least two load-bearing projections for each side of the compression shear bearing 11 and for each force direction, the overhang e can be smaller, advantageously being greater than the reduced overhang v by at least 0.5 cm.

The vertical forces F_(V) are transmitted via the mutually facing compression surfaces 36 of the projections 16 and 17. In the case of a customary installation, an air gap to the surrounding concrete is formed on the upper side 18 and the lower side 19 of the compression shear bearing 12, with the result that no vertical forces F_(V) can be introduced into the compression shear bearing 12 on the upper side 18 and the lower side 19. What is crucial for the magnitude of the force to be transmitted is the projection area 35 of the compression surface 36 that is situated perpendicularly to the height direction and depicted schematically in FIG. 8. The projection area 35 is the area which is formed in a plan view in the height direction 8 between the outer contour of the central region 21 and the outer contour of the projections 16 and 17. Only the regions of the compression shear bearing 11 that are situated in a force-fitting manner between the adjoining structural parts, that is to say the intermediate floor 3 and the concrete slab 2, are taken into consideration for the projection area 35. Here, the projection area 35 can be formed on projections or on depressions.

As FIG. 8 shows, the compression shear bearing 11 is provided at the projections 16 with rounded-off corners 30. In the exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing 11 that is shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the radius u on the rounded-off corners 30 is smaller than half the width l of the compression shear bearing 11 (FIG. 9). A rectilinear portion 34 is thus formed on the projections 16 between the rounded-off corners 30, in which portion the projection 16 extends parallel to the longitudinal side 9, 10. The radius u extends around an axis 23. The axis 23 advantageously lies between the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. In the central region 21, the compression shear bearing 11 is advantageously designed to be rounded off at its edges extending in the height direction 8 with a radius x around an axis 37. The compression bearing 12 is advantageously rounded off with a radius s around an axis 31 (FIG. 2). In a particularly advantageous configuration, the axes 37 of the radii x lie in the central region 21 of the compression shear bearings 11 and the axes 31 of the radii s of the compression bearings 12 of a construction element 1 lie in a common plane which extends parallel to the longitudinal side 9.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of the compression shear bearing 11 in which the projections 16 are configured in a radius r. The radius r extends around an axis 23. The axis 23 advantageously lies between the extension of the longitudinal side 9 and the extension of the longitudinal side 10, that is to say in the insulating body 5, as is schematically depicted for the longitudinal side 9 in FIG. 10. The radius r is thus larger than the overhang e (FIG. 1) of the compression shear bearing 11. However, another arrangement of the axis 23 can also be advantageous. The projection 16 advantageously extends, just like the projection 17, over the entire overhang 20 in a constant radius r.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a further exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing 11. As FIG. 11 shows, the projections 16 and 17 are provided at their mutually facing sides with a respective groove 22. As seen in side view, the central region 21 is set back with respect to the projections 16 and 17, with the result that the compression shear bearing 11 protrudes less far beyond the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 in the central region 21. The upper sides 18 and 19 are designed to be planar and parallel to one another. The compression shear bearing 11 is designed to be symmetrical to a plane defined by the longitudinal direction 6 and the transverse direction 7, to a plane defined by the transverse direction 7 and in the height direction 8, and to a plane defined by the longitudinal direction 6 and the height direction 8.

As FIG. 12 shows, the outer contour on the projections 16 extends in a radius r around an axis 23. In the installed state, the axis 23 extends in the height direction 8 (FIG. 1) and in the extension of the longitudinal side 9 and 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the groove 22 directly adjoins the end face 33. The groove 22 extends in a radius t around the axis 23. The end face 33 also extends in the radius t around the axis 23. In the installed state, the groove 22 forms an undercut in the transverse direction 7 and in the longitudinal direction 6, since the material of the concrete slab 2 or of the intermediate floor 3, for example concrete, can engage in the groove 22. As FIG. 12 also shows, the radius r is larger than half the width w of the compression shear bearing 11 in the region situated between the projections 16 and 17. Here, the width w is advantageously measured centrally between the projections 16 and 17. It can be advantageous to design the compression shear bearing 11 without the grooves 22.

In the exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing 11 that is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, two projections 16 and 17 are in each case arranged on the upper side 18 and the lower side 19. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 13, one projection 16 is arranged on the upper side 18. No projection 16 is arranged on the opposite side of the compression shear bearing 11. The projection 16 is advantageously arranged on the end face 43 of the compression shear bearing 11 that faces the intermediate floor 3. On the opposite end face 33 of the compression shear bearing 11 that in particular faces the balcony slab 2, a projection 17 is provided on the lower side 19. As a result, the projection 17 protrudes on the longitudinal side 9 of the insulating body 5 and the projection 16 protrudes on the longitudinal side 10. The projections 16 and 17 can each have a groove 22.

FIG. 14 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a compression bearing 12 which comprises two bearing bodies 25. Each bearing body 25 can be designed in a corresponding manner to one of the compression bearings 12 of the preceding exemplary embodiments. In the exemplary embodiment, the bearing bodies 25 of the compression bearing 12 each have on their upper side 18 a depression 24 at which the height of the bearing body 25 is reduced. The bearing bodies 25 each have two projections 29 which are provided to project beyond the longitudinal sides 9, 10 of the insulating body 5 (FIG. 1). In the exemplary embodiment, the projections 29 are designed with rounded-off corners and extend with a constant cross section over the entire height of the bearing bodies 25. A circular arc-shaped configuration of the projections 29, that is to say a configuration with a continuous radius, can also be advantageous. Other configurations of the bearing bodies 25 can also be advantageous. In a corresponding manner, it is also possible for there to be provided two bearing bodies for a compression shear bearing 11 which are combined to form a common compression shear bearing 11.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show a further exemplary embodiment of a compression shear bearing 11. The compression shear bearing 11 has an end face 33 at which a projection 17 is arranged adjacent to the lower side 19. No projection is provided on the end face 33 on the upper side 18. At the end face 33, the compression shear bearing 11 has a height c measured in the height direction 8 (FIG. 1). As FIG. 15 shows, the height of the compression shear bearing 11 decreases from the end face 33 to an opposite end face 43. The end face 33 is provided for installation on the longitudinal side 10 of the insulating body 5 that faces an intermediate floor 3, whereas the end face 43 is to be provided on the opposite longitudinal side 9 which faces a balcony slab 2. The compression shear bearing 11 has longitudinal sides 40 which extend approximately in the height direction 8 between the end faces 33 and 43. In the exemplary embodiment, the compression shear bearing 11 has a depression 38 on each of its longitudinal sides 40. A stiffening strut 39 is provided adjacent to the lower side 39 on the longitudinal sides 40 and extends approximately in the transverse direction 7 of the insulating body 5 (FIG. 1). The width l of the compression shear bearing 11 is less in the region to be arranged in the insulating body 5 than at the end faces 33 and 43. In the region to be arranged in the insulating body 5, the width l increases from the side facing the end face 33 to the side facing the end face 43.

As FIGS. 15 and 16 show, the upper side 18 of the compression shear bearing 11 extends with an inclination in a central region and slopes in a direction toward the end face 43. At the end face 43, the compression shear bearing 11 has a height c′ which is less than the height c. The height c′ can advantageously be between 40% and 80%, in particular 50% to 70%, of the height c.

The configuration of a compression shear bearing 11 that is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 allows a reduced heat transfer to be achieved between the balcony slab 2 and the intermediate floor 3 (FIG. 1). Other asymmetrical configurations of a compression shear bearing 11 can also be advantageous.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show a compression bearing 12 which is advantageously provided in combination with the compression shear bearing 12 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 in a thermally insulating construction element 1. In the exemplary embodiment, the compression bearing 12 is of parallelepipedal design and has end faces 32. Different installation positions are possible by virtue of the symmetrical configuration of the compression bearing 12. The compression bearing 12 has a height d measured in the height direction 8 (FIG. 1) in the installed state. The height d is less than the height c of the compression shear bearing 11 at the end face 33 (FIGS. 15 and 16). However, the height d can correspond approximately to the height c′ at the end face 43. There can also be provision that the height d is greater than the height c′. However, the height c of the compression shear bearing 11 is greater than the height d of the compression bearing 12 at least on a longitudinal side of the construction element 1, in particular on the longitudinal side 9 facing a balcony slab 2.

FIGS. 19 to 24 show further possible arrangements of compression bearings 12 and compression shear bearings 11 in an insulating body 5. In the case of the arrangement in FIG. 19, in the construction element 1 shown four compression shear bearings 11 and two compression bearings 12 are arranged symmetrically to the center of the construction element 1. The two outer compression shear bearings 11 each have the same distance p from one another, whereas the two central compression shear bearings 11 have a reduced distance p′ from one another. The compression bearings 12 are arranged at a distance n′ from the outer compression shear bearings 11 that is considerably less than the distance n of the compression bearings 12 from the adjacent central compression shear bearings 11. The compression bearings 12 have a distance o from one another which is considerably greater than the distances n, n′, p and p′.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 20, the compression shear bearings 11 are arranged as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 19. The compression bearings 12 are arranged at the reduced distance n′ from the first and from the third compression shear bearing and have the increased distance n from the second or fourth compression shear bearing 11. This results in a regular arrangement which is asymmetrical to the center. An arrangement in which the distance n′ is greater than the distance n can also be advantageous.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 21, two compression bearings 12 and two compression shear bearings 11 are provided in the thermally insulating construction element 1 and are arranged in alternating fashion. The compression bearings 12 have different distances n and n′ from the adjacent compression shear bearings 11. The distance p between adjacent compression shear bearings 11 and the distance o between adjacent compression bearings 12 are identical, with the result that a regular arrangement is obtained.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 22, two compression shear bearings 11 and two compression bearings 12 are provided. Both compression bearings 12 are arranged at a distance o from one another between the two compression shear bearings 11. The distance p between the compression shear bearings is at least twice as much as the distance o.

FIG. 23, like FIG. 22, shows a symmetrical arrangement of compression bearings 12 and compression shear bearings 11. The thermally insulating construction element 1 has five compression shear bearings 11 and two compression bearings 12. In each case two compression shear bearings 11 are arranged adjacent to one another at the end regions of the construction element 1. The two compression bearings 12 are arranged, with a compression shear bearing 11 arranged therebetween, between the two groups of in each case two compression shear bearings 11. The distance n′ of the compression bearings 12 from the central compression shear bearing 11 is greater than the distance n from the compression shear bearings 11 situated to the outside.

The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 24 has substantially the same arrangement as the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 23. However, the compression bearings 12 are not arranged symmetrically to the center, but have the distance n′ from the compression shear bearing 11 arranged to the left of the compression bearing 12 in FIG. 24 and the greater distance n from the compression shear bearing 11 arranged in each case to the right beside the compression bearing 12 in FIG. 24.

Another symmetrical or asymmetrical arrangement and number of compression bearings 12 and compression shear bearings 11 can also be advantageous. The arrangements shown can be repeated as often as desired in order to form construction elements 1 with a greater length.

The compression shear bearings 11 and/or the compression bearings 12 advantageously substantially consist of a castable and/or injection-moldable, curable material. The material advantageously comprises plastic or a mineral base material. In a particularly advantageous configuration, the compression shear bearings 11 consist of dimensionally stable plastic or fiber cement.

Further advantageous configurations are obtained through any desired combinations of the features of the above-described exemplary embodiments. The height of the compression shear bearings 11 does not have to be constant either in the transverse direction 7 or in the longitudinal direction 6, but can change in the transverse direction 7 and/or in the longitudinal direction 6. The compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 do not have to have symmetry. The width and/or the overhang of the compression bearings 12 and/or of the compression shear bearings 11 can be different on the longitudinal side 9 and the longitudinal side 10. The radii on the two longitudinal sides 9 and 10 and/or the position of the center points of the radii on the two longitudinal sides 9 and 10 can also be different in a compression bearing 12 and/or in a compression shear bearing 11. The compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 can have the same width measured in the longitudinal direction 6 in the longitudinal sides 9 and 10. However, different widths for the compression bearings 12 and the compression shear bearings 11 can also be advantageous. Particularly if the compression bearing 12 has a greater width than the compression shear bearing 11, it can be advantageous that the compression bearing 12 has a greater radius at its end faces than the compression shear bearing 11. The overhang f of the compression bearing 12 into the adjoining structural part can also be greater than the overhang e of the compression shear bearing 11.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles. 

We claim:
 1. A thermally insulating construction element for use in a separating joint between load-absorbing parts of a building, comprising: an insulating body, wherein the insulating body has a longitudinal direction and mutually opposite longitudinal sides that extend in the longitudinal direction, wherein the insulating body has a transverse direction which extends transversely to the longitudinal sides and a height direction which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and perpendicularly to the transverse direction, wherein the insulating body has compression shear bearings which are designed to take up horizontal forces and vertical forces, wherein the compression shear bearings protrude through the insulating body in the transverse direction and project beyond the insulating body on both longitudinal sides of the insulating body, wherein the compression shear bearings are arranged spaced apart from one another with respect to the longitudinal direction, wherein the insulating body comprises at least one compression bearing which is designed exclusively to take up horizontal forces and arranged to extend in the transverse direction of the insulating body.
 2. The construction element according to claim 1, wherein, on at least one longitudinal side of the insulating body, the compression bearing has a height measured in the height direction on the longitudinal side that is less than a height of the compression shear bearing measured in the height direction on the longitudinal side of the insulating body.
 3. The construction element according to claim 2, wherein the compression bearing measured in the height direction on the at least one longitudinal side of the insulating body has a height that is less than 50% of a height of the compression shear bearing measured in the height direction on the longitudinal side of the insulating body.
 4. The construction element according to claim 3, wherein the height of the compression bearing is less than 30% of the height of the compression shear bearing.
 5. The construction element according to claim 1, wherein the compression shear bearings project beyond the longitudinal sides with an overhang of at least 1.0 cm.
 6. The construction element according to claim 1, wherein the compression shear bearings protrude beyond each longitudinal side by way of at least one projection.
 7. The construction element according to claim 6, wherein the compression shear bearings have an upper side and a lower side, and the at least one projection includes at least one projection arranged on the upper side and at least one projection arranged on the lower side.
 8. The construction element according to claim 1, further comprising at least one tension bar that protrudes through the insulating body.
 9. The construction element according to claim 1, further comprising at least one compression bar that protrudes through the insulating body.
 10. The construction element according to claim 1, further comprising at least one shear bar that protrudes through the insulating body.
 11. The construction element according to claim 1, wherein the insulating body has a lower side that extends between the longitudinal sides of the insulating body in the longitudinal direction.
 12. The construction element according to claim 11, wherein a distance of the compression bearings from the lower side is less than 3 cm.
 13. The construction element according to claim 11, wherein a distance of the compression shear bearings from the lower side is less than 3 cm.
 14. The construction element according to claim 11, wherein a distance of the compression bearings from the lower side is 80% to 120% of a distance of the compression shear bearings from the lower side.
 15. The construction element according to claim 1, wherein regions of the compression shear bearings and of the compression bearings that project beyond the longitudinal sides of the insulating body are formed at least partially in a radius around axes that extend in the height direction of the bearings. 